{"id":28638,"date":"2024-10-24T14:57:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-24T12:57:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.samatools.it\/user-guides\/"},"modified":"2026-07-01T15:48:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-01T13:48:31","slug":"user-guides","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.samatools.it\/en\/user-guides\/","title":{"rendered":"User Guides"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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User Guides<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Everything you need to know to unlock the full potential by your instruments.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Guide to Shore Hardness <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The right instrument<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The Shore durometer is an instrument used to measure hardness of rubber and plastic. In commerce there are analogical and digital versions each with different variations indicated to work with particular hardness.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Digital and analogical - Which one to choose?<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The main differences between analog and digital Shore durometers reside in reading and calibration modes , both closely related . In the first case, reading occurs by a graduated dial where a needle indicates the value given by the spring , generally moving ring nut to value 0th. In the case of digital shore durometers calibration occurs according to procedures involving a double control , to zero and at full scale , for higher accuracy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Scale choice<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The shore A scale is the most commonly used in hardness measurement of\u00a0 thermoplastic elastomers . A value 0th reading indicates that penetrator came up to maximum depth ,\u00a0 while a reading of 100th indicates a lack of penetration in the sample . Above 90th Shore A durometers are less reliable . Therefore for harder materials , it\u2019s preferable to use a Shore D durometer , equipped with a sharper penetrator respect to Shore A durometer . For softer plastic elastomers , Shore A hardness less than 5th , is recommend the use of a Shore E.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Shore A, E, D - the differences<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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United by the same operating principle , Shore durometers differ in relation to probe shape. Shore A probe has a pyramid trunk , Shore E has an half \u2013 sphere and Shore D a sharp element.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The importance of method<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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In order to get comparable measurements it\u2019s necessary to apply an uniform method for data collecting . Is to establish the unity of time during which the load will be applied on the sample surface , on Shore durometry is generally spoken of load application for 10 seconds. The longer the time of application , lower the hardness found , because material will be subjected to a more considerable penetration and relaxation stress.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Guide to the Measurement of Gloss <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gloss importance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The gloss is one of the most important parameters of a surface, because it changes the perception of contours and shapes, affecting the overall viewing experience.
Brightness influence surfaces according to many factors like , angle of light incidence , position of the observer, physical characteristics of the surface and conditions of observation.<\/p>\n

This parameter is important in many productive sectors and an efficient instrument is necessary to uniform the quality control . Gloss measurement has been unified according to international methods and standards like ASTM,DIN and ISO.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Basic physical principle for gloss measurement<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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When a light source radiates a surface undergoes a double effect : partly dispersed , partly reflected with opposite angle with equal amplitude opposite corner with respect to the initial radiation.<\/p>\n

The brightness of a surface is calculated according to this specular reflection. This last element determines the gloss level of a surface.<\/p>\n

Specular reflection intensity is determined by the material and angle of incidence of the illuminating measured according to certain conditions.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Measurement scale<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Values are conventionally expressed in units of gloss ( GU : gloss units ) and refer to a scale based on the index of refraction of a black glass mirror with a reflection 100GU in relation to a specific angle. All non-metallic materials such as paints or plastics, can have a value associated to this data, while for highly reflective metal surfaces such as laminates and other crude materials, you can get up to 2000GU.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Types of Geometry - When and What to choose?<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Gloss meters are divided in two types , mono – angular ( 60\u00b0 ) and tri – angular ( 20\u00b0, 60\u00b0, 85\u00b0 ).<\/p>\n

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Have more angular reference of the illuminant allows to improve measurement accuracy according to the level of gloss of the surface<\/p>\n